Kunyangwe iwe uri SQE kana kutenga, ungave uri sabhuku kana mainjiniya, mune zvekutengesa cheni manejimendi zviitiko zvebhizinesi, iwe unoenda kufekitori kunoongororwa kana kugamuchira kuongororwa kubva kune vamwe.
Saka chii chiri chinangwa chekuongorora fekitari?Maitiro ekuongorora fekitori uye nzira yekuzadzisa chinangwa chekuongorora fekitori?Ndeapi misungo yakajairika inozotitsausa mukutonga kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora fekitori, kuitira kuti tiunze vanogadzira vasingasangane nehuzivi hwebhizinesi rekambani uye manejimendi zvinodiwa mukambani yekugovera cheni system?
2. Nzira yekuongorora fekitari uye fekitari inogona sei kuongororwa kuti iwane chinangwa chekuongorora fekitari?
1. Chinangwa chokuongorora fekitari ndechei?
Mumwe wevatengi (vatengi) anotarisira kuve nekunzwisisa kuri nani kwevanogona vatengesi kuburikidza nekuongorora kwefekitori, kuwana ruzivo rwakakwana nezve kugona kwebhizinesi, chiyero chekugadzira, manejimendi emhando, tekinoroji, hukama hwevashandi uye mutoro wemagariro, nezvimwewo, uye enzanisa ruzivo urwu. nechayo Chikumbaridzo chemutengesi chinomisikidzwa uye chakaongororwa zvizere, uyezve kusarudzwa kunoitwa zvinoenderana nemhedzisiro yekuongorora.Chirevo chekuongorora fekitori chinopa hwaro hwevatengi kuti vatonge kana mutengesi anogona kushandira pamwe kwenguva yakareba.
Yechipiri yekuongorora fekitori inogonawo kubatsira vatengi (vatengi) kuchengetedza mukurumbira wakanaka uye kusimudzira kwakasimba.Zvinowanzoonekwa kuti mamwe ma media ekunze anofumura kushandiswa kwevana, basa remujeri kana kushandiswa kwakanyanya nemhando ine mukurumbira, (senge Apple's sweatshop muVietnam).Nekuda kweizvozvo, mabhureki aya haana kungotambura mafaindi makuru chete, asiwo kuedza kwakabatana kubva kune vatengi.kuramba.
Mazuva ano, kuongorora fekitari hakusi chete zvinodiwa nekambani yekutenga pachayo, asiwo chiyero chinodiwa pasi pemitemo yeEurope neUnited States.
Zvechokwadi, idzi tsananguro dzakanyanya kunyorwa.Muchokwadi, chinangwa chevazhinji vedu kuenda kufekitari chiri nyore panguva ino.Kutanga, tinofanira kuona kana fekitari iripo;chechipiri, tinoda kuona kana mamiriro chaiwo efekitari ane hukama nezvinhu zvekusimudzira uye bhizinesi.Vashandi vakataura zvakanaka.
2. Nzira yekuongorora fekitari uye fekitari inogona sei kuongororwa kuti iwane chinangwa chekuongorora fekitari?
1. Kukurukurirana pakati pevatengi nevatengesi
Tsanangurai pachine nguva mberi nguva yokuongorora fekitari, kuumbwa kwevashandi, uye zvinhu zvinoda kushandira pamwe kwefekitari mukati mokuongorora fekitari.
Vamwe vanhu venguva dzose vanoda fekitori kuti vape ruzivo rwavo rwekutanga fekitori isati yaongororwa, senge rezinesi rebhizinesi, kunyoreswa mutero, kuvhura account kubhangi, nezvimwe, uye vamwe vanofanirwa kuzadza rondedzero yakanyorwa yakanyorwa yekuongorora yakapihwa nemutengi.
Somuenzaniso, ndaimboshanda mufekitari yaipiwa mari neTaiwan, uye Sony akauya kukambani yedu kuzoongorora fekitari yacho.Pamberi pokuongorora fekitari, vakapa mushumo pamusoro penzvero yavo yefekitari.Zviri mukati zvakazara.Kune mazana emapurojekiti madiki.Kugadzirwa kwekambani, Kushambadzira, engineering, mhando, warehousing, vashandi uye zvimwe zvinongedzo zvine zvinoenderana nekuongorora zvinhu.
2. Musangano wekutanga wekuongorora fekitari
Sumo pfupi kune ese ari maviri.Rongedza vanoperekedza uye kuronga kuongorora fekitori.Aya ndiwo maitiro akafanana neiyo ISO wongororo
3. Ongororo yehurongwa hwegwaro
Kana hurongwa hwegwaro rekambani hwakakwana.Semuenzaniso, kana kambani iine dhipatimendi rekutenga, pane gwaro rekutenga zviitiko?Semuyenzaniso, kana kambani iine dhizaini nekusimudzira, pane here gwaro rekugadzira magwaro echirongwa chekugadzira nekusimudzira zviitiko?Kana pasina faira yakakosha, ihombe inoshaikwa.
4. On-site wongororo
Kunyanya enda kuchiitiko kuti uone, senge workshop, warehouse 5S, nzvimbo dzekudzivirira moto, kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu zvine njodzi, kuzivikanwa kwezvinhu, chirongwa chepasi uye zvichingodaro.Semuenzaniso, kana fomu rekugadzirisa muchina rakazadzwa chokwadi.Pane akasaina here etc.
5. Kubvunzurudza kwevashandi, kubvunzurudzwa kwevatungamiri
Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvekubvunzurudzwa kwevashandi kunogona kusarudzwa kubva mugwaro rekambani, kana kuti inogona kusarudzwa pamadiro, sekusarudza nemaune vashandi vari pakati pemakore gumi nematanhatu kusvika gumi nemasere, kana avo vane nhamba dzebasa dzakarekotwa nevaongorori panguva ye- nzvimbo yekuongorora Mushandi.
Zviri mubvunzurudzo zvine chekuita nemuhoro, maawa ekushanda uye nharaunda yekushanda.Kuitira kudzivirira kodzero nezvido zvevashandi, chirongwa chebvunzurudzo chinochengetwa chakavanzika chose nefekitari, hapana vashandi vanotungamirira fekitari havabvumirwi kuvapo, uyewo havabvumirwi kugara munzvimbo iri pedyo nekamuri rokubvunzurudza.
Kana iwe uchiri kusanzwisisa mimwe mibvunzo panguva yekuongorora fekitori, unogona kutaurirana nevatungamiriri vekambani zvakare kuti udzidze zvakawanda nezvemamiriro ezvinhu.
6. Musangano wepfupiso
Zvakanakira uye kusawirirana kunoonekwa panguva yekuongorora fekitori inopfupikiswa.Iyi pfupiso ichasimbiswa uye yakasainwa nefekitari ipapo pakanyorwa.Zvinhu zvisingaenderani zvinoda kuchinjwa, kuti zvigadziriswe rini, ndiani achazvipedza, uye mamwe mashoko achatumirwa kumuongorori wefekitari kuti asimbiswe mukati menguva yakati.Iko mukana wekuongororwa kwefekitari yechipiri neyechitatu haina kubviswa.
Maitirwo ekuongorora fekitori yevatengi akangofanana neaya ekuongorora fekitori yeISO, asi pane musiyano.Iyo ISO yekuongorora fekitori ndeyekuchaja mari yekambani, kubatsira kambani kuwana zvakashomeka uye kugadzirisa zvinokanganisa uye pakupedzisira kuita zvinodiwa.
Kana vatengi vauya kuzoongorora fekitori, vanonyanya kutarisa kana kambani inosangana nezvavanoda uye kuti unokwanisa here kuve mutengesi wavo anokwanisa.Haakubhadharise muripo, saka yakanyanya kuomarara kupfuura ISO odhita.
3.Iyo chaiyo yekurwa chiitiko inopfupikiswa sezvizvi:
1. Magwaro ane makore
Chaizvoizvo, haufanire kutarisa mafaera epurogiramu akawandisa.Mafaira echirongwa ari nyore kuita.Unogona kupfuura ISO fekitari.Panyaya iyi hapana dambudziko.Semuongorori, yeuka kuverenga zvinyorwa zvishoma uye mamwe marekodhi.Ona kana vachitevera zvinyorwa.
2. Chinyorwa chimwe chete hachina zvachinoreva
Kuongorora ne thread.Semuenzaniso, unobvunza here dhipatimendi rekutenga kana paine runyorwa rwevanopa vanokwanisa?Semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukabvunza dhipatimendi rekuronga kana pane chirongwa chekugadzira, semuenzaniso, kana iwe ukabvunza dhipatimendi rebhizinesi kana paine ongororo yekuraira?
Semuenzaniso, iwe unobvunza dhipatimendi remhando kana paine chero iri kuuya yekuongorora?Kana vakakumbirwa kuti vawane izvi zvega zvega, vanogona kunyatsozvipa.Kana vasingakwanisi kuvapa, fekitari yakadaro haizodi kuongororwa.Chingoenda kumba wonorara kutsvaga mumwe.
Inofanira kutongwa sei?Zviri nyore kwazvo.Semuenzaniso, kurongeka kwemutengi kunosarudzwa zvisina tsarukano, dhipatimendi rebhizinesi rinodiwa kuti ripe mushumo wekudzokorora weodha iyi, dhipatimendi rekuronga rinofanirwa kupa hurongwa hwezvinhu zvinodiwa zvinoenderana neodha iyi, uye dhipatimendi rekutenga rinodiwa kuti ripe kutenga. odha inoenderana neiyi kurongeka, Bvunza dhipatimendi rekutenga kuti ripe kana vagadziri pane aya maodha ekutenga vari murondedzero yevatengesi vanokwanisa, kumbira dhipatimendi remhando kuti ripe iro rinouya rekuongorora rezvinhu izvi, kumbira dhipatimendi reinjiniya kuti ripe inoenderana SOP. , uye kumbira dhipatimendi rekugadzira kuti ripe mushumo wezuva nezuva wekugadzira unoenderana nehurongwa hwekugadzira, nezvimwe. Mira.
Kana iwe usingakwanise kuwana chero matambudziko mushure mekutarisa nzira yese, zvinoreva kuti fekitori yakadaro yakavimbika.
3. On-saiti wongororo ndiyo yakakosha poindi, uye chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kune yepamusoro yekugadzira michina yekuongorora michina.
Zvinyorwa zvinogona kunyorwa zvakanaka nevanhu vakati wandei, asi hazvisi nyore kubiridzira panzvimbo.Kunyanya dzimwe dzakafa.Zvakadai sezvimbuzi, zvakadai semasitepisi, akadai seyemuenzaniso mavambo pamichina nemidziyo, nezvimwewo. Kuongororwa kusina kuziviswa kunoshanda zviri nani.
4. Kubvunzurudza kwevashandi, kubvunzurudzwa kwevatungamiri
Hurukuro nemaneja dzinogona kuwana mhinduro kubva mumhinduro dzavo.Kubvunzurudza nevashandi kune zvakawanda nezvekuteerera pane kubvunza.Muongorori haadi kambani yemufekitori kuti ikuperekedze.Zvinonyanya kushanda kuenda kuresitorendi yevashandi uye sarudza nzvimbo yekudyira nevashandi uye kutaura zvisina basa pane zvaunokumbira zuva.
4. Ndeipi iri misungo yakajairika ichatsausa rutongeso rwedu pamiuyo yokuongorora fekitari:
1. Registered capital.
Shamwari dzakawanda dzinofunga kuti mari yakawanda yakanyoreswa zvinoreva kuti fekitari ine simba.Kutaura zvazviri, hazvisizvo.Kunyangwe paine 100w kana 1000w muChina, kambani ine capital yakanyoreswa ye100w kana 1000w inogona kunyoreswa muChina, asi zvinongodiwa kushandisa mari yakawanda kukambani yakanyoreswa nemumiririri.Haafanire kubvisa 100w kana 1000w kuti anyorese zvachose.
2. Mhedzisiro yekuongorora kwevatatu, senge ISO wongororo, QS ongororo.
Zviri nyore kuwana ISO certification muChina izvozvi, uye unogona kutenga imwe mushure mekushandisa 1-2w.Saka kutaura chokwadi, ini handikwanise kubvumirana neiyo yakachipa iso chitupa.
Zvisinei, panewo hunyengeri huduku pano.Iyo yakakura iyo fekitori's ISO certification, inonyanya kubatsira, nekuti ISO maodhita haadi kupwanya zviratidzo zvavo.Ivo vanogona chaizvo kutengesa iso zvitupa.
Kune zvakare ISO zvitupa zvitupa zvemakambani ane mukurumbira pasi rese zvitupa, akadai seChina CQC, Saibao, uye Germany's TUV.
3. Iyo yakakwana faira system.
Mapepa acho akanyorwa zvakanyanya uye kuurayiwa kwacho kunonetsa.Kunyange faira uye kushanda chaiko zvinhu zvakasiyana zvachose.Mune mamwe mafekitari, kuitira kuti utsungirire kuongororwa, kune vanhu vakasarudzika vanoita ISO mafaera, asi hapana anoziva kuti vanhu ava vanogara muhofisi uye vanonyora mafaira vanoziva nezvekushanda chaiko kwekambani.
4. Ngatinzwisise kurongeka uye nzira dzekuongorora fekitori dzemakambani eEuropean neAmerica:
Kuongororwa kwemafekitori emakambani eEurope neAmerica anowanzo kutevedzera mamwe mazinga, uye makambani pachawo kana akatenderwa echitatu-bato rekuongorora masangano anoita ongororo uye ongororo kune vatengesi.
Makambani akasiyana ane akasiyana edhisheni ekuongorora emapurojekiti akasiyana, saka kuongorora fekitori hakusi hunhu hwese, asi chiyero chemazinga anogamuchirwa akasiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro akasiyana.Kungofanana neLego blocks, akasiyana fekitori yekuongorora musanganiswa zviyero anovakwa.
Izvi zvikamu zvinogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvina: kuongororwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, ongororo yekurwisa hugandanga, kuongororwa kwemhando, uye ongororo yezvakatipoteredza, hutano nekuchengetedza.
Chikamu chekutanga, kuongororwa kwekodzero dzevanhu
Zvinozivikanwa zviri pamutemo sesocial responsibility audit, social responsibility audit, social responsibility factory assessment zvichingodaro.Iyo zvakare yakakamurwa kuva yekambani yemagariro mutoro chiyero chitupa (senge SA8000, ICTI, BSCI, WRAP, SMETA certification, nezvimwewo) uye mutengi-parutivi standard audit (inozivikanwawo seCOC fekitori yekuongorora senge: WAL-MART, DISNEY, Carrefour. kuongorora fekitari, nezvimwewo).
Iyi "factory audit" inonyanya kushandiswa nenzira mbiri.
1. Corporate Social Responsibility Standard Certification
Corporate social responsibility standard certification inoreva chiitiko icho mugadziri wesocial responsibility system anobvumidza mamwe masangano echitatu-asina kwaakarerekera kuti aongorore kana mabhizinesi anonyorera kupasa imwe mwero achikwanisa kuzadzisa zviyero zvakatarwa.
Ndiye mutengi anoda kuti mabhizinesi eChinese apfuure mamwe epasirese, edunhu kana indasitiri "social basa" yakajairwa chitupa uye kuwana zvitupa zvekufanirwa sechikonzero chekutenga kana kuisa maodha.
Miyero yakadai inonyanya kusanganisira SA8000, ICTI, EICC, WRAP, BSCI, ICS, SMETA, nezvimwe.
2. Mutengi-parutivi mwero odhita (Code of Conduct)
Asati atenga zvigadzirwa kana kuisa maodha ekugadzira, makambani epasi rose anoongorora zvakananga maitirwo emakambani ezvekuita munharaunda, kunyanya zviyero zvevashandi, zvemabhizinesi eChinese zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekutarisira magariro akagadzirwa nemakambani emarudzi akawanda, anowanzo kunzi corporate codes of conduct.
Kazhinji, makambani makuru uye epakati nepakati emarudzi akawanda ane maitiro avo emakambani, akadai seWal-Mart, Disney, Nike, Carrefour, BROWNSHOE, PAYLESSS HOESOURCE, VIEWPOINT, Macy's nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope neAmerica.Makambani emapoka mune zvipfeko, shangu, zvinodikanwa zvezuva nezuva, zvitoro uye mamwe maindasitiri.Iyi nzira inodaidzwa kuti chechipiri-party authentication.
Zviri mukati mezvitupa zvese zviri zviviri zvinoenderana nemaitiro evashandi vepasirese, izvo zvinoda kuti vatengesi vaite zvimwe zvisungo maererano nemaitiro evashandi uye mararamiro evashandi.
Mukuenzanisa, chechipiri-chebato chitupa chakaonekwa kare uye chine chifukidziro chakakura uye pesvedzero, nepo zviyero uye ongororo yechitupa chechitatu chakazara.
Chikamu chechipiri, anti-terrorism factory yekuongorora
Imwe yezviyero zvekutarisana nemabasa emagandanga akaonekwa mushure mechiitiko che9 / 11 muUnited States muna 2001. Kune maitiro maviri eC-TPAT uye GSV yakasimbiswa.Parizvino, iyo inonyanya kugamuchirwa nevatengi chitupa cheGSV chakapihwa neITS.
1. C-TPAT Anti-Terrorism
Iyo Customs-Trade Partnership Kurwisa Hugandanga (C-TPAT) ine chinangwa chekushandira pamwe nemaindasitiri akakodzera kuti atange dhizaini yekuchengetedza cheni yekuchengetedza kuchengetedza kuchengetedzwa kwekufambisa, ruzivo rwekuchengetedza uye mamiriro ekutakura kubva kwaakabva kuenda kunzvimbo yekugovera cheni.kutenderera, nokudaro kudzivirira kupinda kwemagandanga.
2. GSV anti-terrorism
Global Security Verification (GSV) inyika inotungamira bhizinesi sevhisi sisitimu inopa rutsigiro rwekusimudzira uye kuita kwepasi rose dhizaini rekuchengetedza cheni, inosanganisira kuchengetedza fekitori, matura, kurongedza, kurodha uye kutumira nezvimwe.
Basa reGSV system nderekushandira pamwe nevashambadzi vepasi rose nevanotenga kunze kwenyika kusimudzira kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekuchengetedza zvitupa pasi rose, kubatsira nhengo dzese kusimbisa vimbiso yekuchengetedzwa uye kutonga kwenjodzi, kuvandudza mashandiro echeni, uye kuderedza mitengo.
C-TPAT/GSV inonyanya kukodzera kune vanogadzira uye vatengesi vanoendesa kunze kune ese maindasitiri mumusika weUS, uye vanogona kupinda muUS kuburikidza nekutsanya nzira, vachideredza tsika dzekuongorora zvinongedzo;Kuti uwedzere kuchengetedzeka kwezvigadzirwa kubva pakutanga kwekugadzirwa kusvika kwaunoenda, kuderedza kurasikirwa uye kuhwina vatengesi vekuAmerica.
Chikamu chechitatu, kuongororwa kwemhando
Iyo inozivikanwawo seyemhando yekuongorora kana kugadzirwa kwehuwandu hwekuongorora, inoreva kuongororwa kwefekitori zvichienderana nemhando yemhando yemumwe mutengi.Zviyero zvaro kazhinji hazvisi "universal standards", izvo zvakasiyana neISO9001 system certification.
Kuenzaniswa nekuongororwa kwebasa revanhu uye ongororo yekurwisa hugandanga, kuongororwa kwemhando hakuwanzo.Uye kuomerwa kwekuongorora zvakare kushoma pane iyo social responsibility audit.Tora Walmart's FCCA semuenzaniso.
Iri zita rakazara reWal-mart ichangobva kutangwa FCCA fekitori yekuongorora ndeiyi: Factory Kugona & Capacity Assessment, inova fekitori inobuda uye kugona ongororo.Kusanganisira zvinotevera zvinhu:
1. Factory Facilities uye Environment
2. Machine Calibration uye Maintenance
3. Quality Management System
4. Incoming Materials Control
5. Maitiro uye Kudzora Kugadzira
6. In-House Lab-Kuedza
7. Kuongorora kwekupedzisira
Chikamu chechina, hutano hwezvakatipoteredza uye kuchengetedzwa kwekuchengetedza
Kudzivirirwa kwezvakatipoteredza, hutano uye kuchengeteka, Chirungu chipfupiso EHS.Sezvo nzanga yese ichiramba ichinyanya kutarisisa nezvehutano hwezvakatipoteredza uye nyaya dzekuchengetedza, manejimendi eEHS achinja kubva pabasa rekubatsira chete rekutungamira bhizinesi kuenda pachikamu chakakosha chekushanda kwakasimba kwemabhizinesi.
Makambani parizvino arikuda kuongororwa kweEHS anosanganisira: General Electric, Universal Mifananidzo, Nike, nezvimwe.
Nguva yekutumira: Jun-07-2022