Nepo vatengi veEurope neAmerica vane hanya nezvemhando yechigadzirwa, nei vachifanira kuongorora maitiro ekugadzira uye kushanda kwese kwefekitori?
Mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20 muUnited States, huwandu hukuru hwezvigadzirwa zvinodhura zvakachipa zvine makwikwi epasi rose kubva kunyika dzichiri kusimukira zvakapinda mumisika yenyika dzakabudirira, izvo zvakave nemhedzisiro yakakura pamisika yemumba yenyika dzakabudirira.Vashandi vemumaindasitiri ane hukama vakanga vasingashandi kana kuti mihoro yavo yakaderera.Nekudaidzira kwekuchengetedzwa kwekutengeserana, United States nedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira dzakawedzera kutsoropodza uye kutsoropodza nharaunda yekushanda nemamiriro ezvinhu enyika dzichiri kusimukira kuitira kuchengetedza misika yavo yepamba uye kuderedza kudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika.Izwi rokuti "sweatshop" rinobva pane izvi.
Naizvozvo, mu1997, iyo American Economic Priorities Accreditation Council (CEPAA) yakavambwa, yakagadzira iyo social responsibility SA8000 standard uye certification system, uye yakawedzera kodzero dzevanhu nezvimwe zvinhu panguva imwe chete, uye yakamisa "Social Accountability International (SAI)" .Panguva iyoyo, hutongi hwaClinton zvakare Nerutsigiro rukuru kubva kuSAI, iyo SA8000 system ye "social responsibility standards" yakazvarwa.Iyi ndeimwe yeakakosha masisitimu evatengi vekuEurope neAmerica kuti vaongorore mafekitori.
Nokudaro, kuongorora kwefekitari hakusi kungowana vimbiso yehutano, yakave nzira yezvematongerwe enyika kune nyika dzakabudirira kuchengetedza misika yemunyika uye kubvisa kumanikidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye ndeimwe yezvipingamupinyi zvekutengeserana zvakatarwa nenyika dzakabudirira kunyika dzichiri kusimukira.
Ongororo yefekitari inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu maererano nezviri mukati, zvinoti social responsibility audit (ES), quality system uye production capacity audit (FCCA) uye anti-terrorism audit (GSV).Inspection;yemhando yekuongorora system inonyanya kuongorora iyo yemhando yekudzora sisitimu uye yekugadzira kugona kuongorora;Anti-terrorism ndeyekuti kubva pakaitika chiitiko che "911" muUnited States, United States yakashandisa matanho ekurwisa hugandanga pasi rose kubva kugungwa, pasi, nemhepo.
US Customs uye Border Dziviriro inokurudzira makambani anopinza zvinhu kunze kwenyika uye indasitiri yezvekugadziriswa kwezvinhu kusimudzira C-TPAT (Terrorism Security Management Program).Kusvika pari zvino, US Customs inongo cherechedza ITS's anti-terrorism audits.Kazhinji kutaura, kuongorora kwefekitari kwakaomesesa ndiko kuongorora mutoro wemagariro, nekuti inonyanya kuongorora kodzero dzevanhu.Matemo emaawa ekushanda uye mihoro uye kuteedzera mitemo yebasa renzvimbo zvechokwadi iri kure nemamiriro emunyika enyika dzichiri kusimukira, asi kuitira Pakuisa hurongwa, munhu wese achaedza nekushingaira kutsvaga mhinduro.Pane nguva dzose nzira dzakawanda kupfuura matambudziko.Chero bedzi vatungamiri vefekitari vakatarisa zvakakwana uye vachiita basa rekuvandudza, kupasa kwekuongorora kwefekitari kwakakura.
Pakuongororwa kwefekitari kwekutanga, mutengi aiwanzotumira vaongorori vekambani kuti vaongorore fekitari.Zvisinei, nemhaka yokuti vatengesi vemamwe makambani anosanozivikanwa munyika yose vakafumurwa kakawanda nezvinobudisa nhau pamusoro penhau dzekodzero dzevanhu, mukurumbira wavo nokuvimbika kwavo zvakaderedzwa zvikuru.Naizvozvo, makambani mazhinji eEurope neAmerica achapa mafemu echitatu-party notary mafemu kuti aite ongororo panzvimbo yavo.Mafemu anonyanyozivikanwa magweta anosanganisira: SGS Standard Technical Services Co., Ltd. (SGS), Bureau Veritas (BV), uye Intertek Group (ITS) neCSCC nezvimwe.
Senyanzvi yekuongorora fekitori, ndinowanzoona kuti makambani mazhinji ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika ane kusanzwisisana kwakawanda pamusoro pekuongorora fekitori yevatengi.Tsananguro yakadzama ndeiyi:
1. Funga kuti vatengi vane nosy.
Makambani mazhinji akambosangana nefekitari kekutanga anonzwa kuti haanzwisisike zvachose.Kana iwe ukatenga zvigadzirwa kubva kwandiri, ini ndinongoda kuendesa zvigadzirwa zvinokwanisa kwauri nenguva.Nei ndichifanira kuita hanya nemafambisirwo anoitwa kambani yangu.Aya mabhizinesi haanzwisise zvinodikanwa zvevatengi vekunze zvachose, uye kunzwisisa kwavo kwakanyanya kwepamusoro.Uku kuratidzwa kwemusiyano mukuru pakati peChinese nevekunze bhizinesi manejimendi pfungwa.Semuenzaniso, kunaka uye kuongorora kwehunyanzvi kwefekitori, pasina yakanaka manejimendi system uye maitiro, zvakaoma kuve nechokwadi chemhando uye kuendesa zvigadzirwa.Maitiro anoburitsa mhedzisiro.Zvakaoma kukambani ine chaotic manejimendi kuti itende vatengi kuti inogona kuburitsa zvine hungwaru kukwirisa uye kuve nechokwadi chekutumira.
Kuongororwa kwefekitori yezvemagariro kunokonzerwa nekumanikidzwa kwemasangano asiri ehurumende uye maonero everuzhinji, uye kuongorora fekitori kunodiwa kudzivirira njodzi.Ongororo yefekitori inorwisa magandanga inotungamirwa nevatengi vekuAmerica zvakare nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kwetsika dzepamba uye hurumende kurwisa hugandanga.Mukuenzanisa, kuongororwa kwemhando uye tekinoroji ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa nevatengi.Kutora nhanho kumashure, sezvo iri mitemo yemutambo yakagadzwa nemutengi, sebhizinesi, haugone kushandura mitemo yemutambo, saka iwe unogona kungoenderana nezvinodiwa nemutengi, zvikasadaro iwe unosiya kunze kwenyika. order;
2. Funga kuti kuongorora fekitari hakusi hukama.
Vazhinji varidzi vemabhizinesi vanonyatsoziva maitiro ekuita zvinhu muChina, uye vanofunga kuti kuongorora fekitori inyaya yekupfuura nekugadzirisa hukama.Ukuwo kusanzwisisa kukuru.Muchokwadi, kuongororwa kwefekitori kunodiwa nemutengi kunofanirwa kuda kuvandudzwa kwakakodzera nebhizinesi.Auditor haana kugona kutsanangura bhizinesi rakakanganiswa seruva.Mushure mezvose, muongorori anofanirwa kutora mafoto, kukopa magwaro uye humwe humbowo kuti adzose kuti huzoshandiswa mune ramangwana.Nekune rimwe divi, masangano mazhinji ekuongorora zvakare makambani ekunze, ane manejimendi akasimba, kunyanya kukoshesa uye kuita kwemitemo yehurumende yakachena, uye vaongorori vanotariswa zvakanyanya uye nekutariswa kwenzvimbo.Iye zvino mamiriro ekunze ekuongorora achiri akanaka kwazvo, hongu, maodhita ega ega haana kubviswa.Kana paine mafekitori anotsunga kuisa hupfumi hwawo pahukama hwakachena pasina kugadzirisa chaiko, ndinotenda kuti pane mukana mukuru wekuti vanozotambura.Kuti tipfuure ongororo yefekitari, tinofanira kuvandudza zvakakwana.
3. Kana iwe uchifunga kuti hardware yako yakanaka, iwe uchakwanisa kupfuudza kuongorora kwefekitari.
Makambani mazhinji anowanzo taura kuti kana kambani yepedyo yakashata kupfuura ivo, kana ichigona kupfuura, iye achapfuura.Aya mafekitari haanzwisise mitemo uye zviri mukati mefekitari yekuongorora zvachose.Kuongorora kwefekitori kunosanganisira zvakawanda zvemukati, Hardware ingori chikamu chayo, uye kune akawanda masoftware maficha asingaonekwe, ayo anosarudza yekupedzisira fekitori yekuongorora mhedzisiro.
4. Kana uchifunga kuti imba yako haina kunaka, haufanire kuiedza.
Mafekitari aya akaitawo mhosho dziri pamusoro.Chero bedzi iyo hardware yebhizimisi inokanganisa, somuenzaniso, dormitory uye workshop iri muchivako chefekitari imwe chete, imba yacho yakwegura uye kune ngozi dzinogona kuitika, uye mhedzisiro yeimba ine matambudziko makuru.Kunyangwe makambani ane Hardware yakaipa anogona zvakare kupasa kuongororwa kwefekitori.
5. Funga kuti kupfuura kuongorora fekitari hakugoneki kwandiri.
Mabhizinesi mazhinji ekutengeserana kunze kwenyika akatanga kubva kumashopu emhuri, uye manejimendi awo ane bongozozo.Kunyangwe vachangobva kutamira muwekishopu, vanonzwa kuti manejimendi ebhizinesi ravo akashata.Muchokwadi, mabhizinesi aya haafanire kuramba zvakanyanya kuongorora fekitori.Mushure mekunge mamiriro ehardware asangana, sekunge manejimendi aine kutsunga kwakakwana kwekutsvaga akakodzera ekunze agency yekubvunza, vanogona kushandura zvachose mamiriro ekutonga kwebhizinesi munguva pfupi, kuvandudza manejimendi, uye pakupedzisira kuburikidza neakasiyana Class vatengi kuongororwa. .Pakati pemakasitoma atakaraira, nyaya dzakadai dzakawandisa.Makambani mazhinji ari kuchema nerekuti mitengo haina hombe uye nguva haina kurebesa, asi makambani awo anoona sekuti ari kukwira zvakakwana.Sashesi, ivo zvakare vane chivimbo chakanyanya kutungamira vatengesi vavo uye vatengi vekunze vanoshanyira mabhizinesi avo.
6. Kufunga kuti kuongorora fekitori kunonetsa kuramba chikumbiro chemutengi chekuongorora fekitori.
Muchokwadi, parizvino, makambani anotumira kunze kumisika yeEurope neAmerica anofanirwa kubata fekitori kuti iongororwe.Kusvika kumwero wakati, kuramba kuongorora fekitari kunoreva kuramba odha uye kuramba purofiti iri nani.Makambani mazhinji aiuya kwatiri akati pese vatengesi nevatengi vekune dzimwe nyika vaikumbira kuongororwa mumafekitari, vaigara vachiramba.Nekudaro, mushure memakore mashoma, ndakaona kuti mirairo yangu yakawedzera zvishoma uye purofiti yakawedzera kutetepa, uye mabhizinesi akatenderedza aimbove padanho rimwe chete akakura nekukurumidza mumakore mashoma apfuura nekuda kwekuongororwa kwefekitori kazhinji.Mamwe makambani anotiwo ave nemakore akawanda achiita zvekutengesera kunze kwenyika uye haasati amboongorora fekitari iyi.Kunyange zvazvo anonzwa achikomborerwa, tinomusuwa.Nekuti nekufamba kwemakore, purofiti yake yave ichishandiswa layer ne layer uye haigone kuchengetedza.
Kambani isina kumbobvira yaongorora fekitori inofanirwa kunge yakagamuchira maodha akaitwa pachivande nemamwe makambani ekuongorora fekitori.Makambani avo akafanana nengarava dzepasi pemvura, haasati amboonekwa kudivi remutengi, uye mutengi wekupedzisira haana kumbobvira aziva kambani iyi.kuvapo kwebhizimisi.Nzvimbo yekugara yemabhizinesi akadaro ichava diki uye diki, nekuti vatengi vakawanda vakakura vanonyatso rambidza isina rezinesi subcontracting, saka ivo vashoma uye vashoma mukana wekugamuchira maodha.Sezvo iyo subcontracted maodha, iyo yatove yakaderera purofiti ichave yakanyanya kushoma.Uyezve, mirairo yakadaro haina kugadzikana, uye imba yapfuura inogona kuwana fekitari ine mutengo uri nani uye inotsiviwa chero nguva.
Pane matanho matatu chete mukuongororwa kwevatengi:
Gwaro rekuongorora, shanyira saiti yekugadzira, uye ita kubvunzurudza kwevashandi, saka gadzirira zvinhu zvitatu zviri pamusoro apa: gadzirira magwaro, zviri nani hurongwa;kuronga saiti, kunyanya teerera kudzivirira moto, inishuwarenzi yevashandi, nezvimwewo;Uye zvimwe zvikamu zvekudzidziswa, tinofanira kuona kuti mhinduro dzevashandi dzinoenderana nemagwaro akanyorwa kune vaenzi.
Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzekuongorora kwefekitori (kuongororwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye kutariswa kwevanhu, kurwisa hugandanga, kugadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwemhando, kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza, nezvimwewo), gadziriro dzinodiwa dzakasiyana.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-11-2022